十九大报告学习｜六次“初心”不算多，还有51个“心”（下）
昨天，我们提到了十九大报告中的“心连心”、“衷心”、“心灵”、“民心”和“主心骨”等词的英文表达。（参看《六次“初心”不算多，还有51个“心”（上）》）。我们来看其它几个有关“心”的词语在英文里是怎么表达的。
加强社会心理服务体系建设，培育自尊自信、理性平和、积极向上的社会心态。加强社区治理体系建设，推动社会治理重心向基层下移，发挥社会组织作用，实现政府治理和社会调节、居民自治良性互动。
We will improve the system of public psychological services, and cultivate self-esteem, self-confidence, rationality, composure, and optimism among our people. We will strengthen the system for community governance, shift the focus of social governance to the community level, leverage the role of social organizations, and see that government's governance efforts on the one hand and society's self regulation and residents' self-governance on the other reinforce each other.
心理，在这时是指“社会心理服务体系”，public psychological service，算是一个心理学的专业术语。
不过，心态，则是社会学方面的词，但由于是与“自尊自信、理性平和、积极向上”（self-esteem, self-confidence, rationality, composure, and optimism）是同义反复的表达，在英文里，就没有必要再翻译一次了，显得简洁。
重心，是指“社会治理重心”，英文为the focus of social governance。
当前，反腐败斗争形势依然严峻复杂，巩固压倒性态势、夺取压倒性胜利的决心必须坚如磐石。
Currently, the fight against corruption remains grave and complex; we must remain as firm as a rock in our resolve to build on the overwhelming momentum and secure a sweeping victory.
“决心”一词的英文，通常会很容易地从字典里挑出如determination, resolution, 或make a resolution等。不过，在这一句里，“决心”后面有“坚如磐石”一词的修饰，前面则有动宾结构的“巩固压倒性态势、夺取压倒性胜利”，翻译“决心”时，将中文的动词词性变成了英文的将语，即in resolve，同时将“坚如磐石”变成了修饰语，as firm as a rock。整个句子的谓语动词则是remain。
Resolve作为名词，本身有determination的意思，如《柯林斯英语词典》中解释道：
Resolve is determination to do what you have decided to do.
这里不仅是指“决心”本身，更是指一种意志品质，the trait of being resolute
例句：
This will strengthen the American public's resolve to go to war.
这会坚定美国公众诉诸战争的决心。
It reinforces the resolve of its neighbors to intensify their cooperation to safeguard peace and stability in the region against all provocations.
这种行为增强了其邻国为维护地区和平与稳定及防范一切挑衅行为进行合作的决心。
“人心”一词，如果从字面上来翻译，则会写成people’s heart，或是people’s mind。不过，在具体的语境里，“人心”的英文则会不一样。
加强党对意识形态工作的领导，党的理论创新全面推进，马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位更加鲜明，中国特色社会主义和中国梦深入人心，社会主义核心价值观和中华优秀传统文化广泛弘扬，群众性精神文明创建活动扎实开展。
We have strengthened Party leadership over ideological work and explored new ground in advancing Party related theories. The importance of Marxism as a guiding theory is even better appreciated. Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the Chinese Dream have been embraced by our people. Core socialist values and fine traditional Chinese culture are alive in the people's hearts.
在一句里，“深入人心”更多地是强调人民群众对于“中国特色主义和中国梦”的理解与接受程度，是一种认知层面的。
从通常理解来说，embrace作为一个动词，可能第一出现的意思是“拥抱”，例如：
I couldn't find it in me to embrace him.
我打心眼里不想拥抱他。
不过，这个词还有另外一个意思，即“欣然接受，支持（变革、政治体制、观点等）”，如《柯林斯英语词典》所解释的：
If you embrace a change, political system, or idea, you accept it and start supporting it or believing in it.
例句：
He embraces the new information age...
他迎接新的信息时代的到来。
The new rules have been embraced by government watchdog organizations.
政府监察机构已经欣然接受了这些新规则。
另一个“深入人心”则是在句子中的作用不一样，英文表达也就不同了。
要加强理论武装，推动新时代中国特色社会主义思想深入人心。
We will better arm ourselves with theory and increase the public appeal of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.
虽然与上一句一样，用也是“深入人心”，却并不是谓语动词，是作为“推动”的结果而存在。在英文里，为了体现这样的逻辑关系，就没有用embrace，而是the public appeal。与中文在表达方式上有点“反其道而行之”，即中文是“思想进入人心”，英文是“思想对公众的吸引力”。
为何这么说呢？原因在于appeal一词的意思是：
The appeal of something is a quality that it has which people find attractive or interesting. （吸引力;感染力）
例句：
Its new title was meant to give the party greater public appeal.
新的政党名称意在使该党对公众具有更强的吸引力。
第三个人心，是我们熟知的“人心向背”。
一个政党，一个政权，其前途命运取决于人心向背。
The future of a political party or a government is determined by whether it enjoys public support.
“人心向背”一词出自宋·魏了翁《鹤山文集》：
师老财殚；币轻物贵；常产既竭；本根易摇；此人心向背之几也。
指是的人民大众对事物的态度：支持或反对，用英文表达就是public support。
全党要坚定信心、奋发有为，让中国特色社会主义展现出更加强大的生命力！
Our entire Party should develop unshakeable confidence, work hard and work well to see socialism with Chinese characteristics display even stronger vitality.
同志们！今天，我们比历史上任何时期都更接近、更有信心和能力实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标。
Today, we are closer, more confident, and more capable than ever before of making the goal of national rejuvenation a reality.
我们完全有信心、有能力把我国社会主义民主政治的优势和特点充分发挥出来，为人类政治文明进步作出充满中国智慧的贡献！
We have every confidence that we can give full play to the strengths and distinctive features of China's socialist democracy, and make China's contribution to the political advancement of mankind.
我们有坚定的意志、充分的信心、足够的能力挫败任何形式的“台独”分裂图谋。
We have the resolve, the confidence, and the ability to defeat separatist attempts for "Taiwan independence" in any form.
这四个“信心”都是用了confidence，展现出了对自身的能力和信念的确定性，如《柯林斯英语词典》所说的：
If you have confidence, you feel sure about your abilities, qualities, or ideas.
在此，还有要另一个表示类似意思的英文单词faith区别开来：
Faith的意思更多地是“相信;信任”，如《柯林斯英语词典》所解释的：
If you have faith in someone or something, you feel confident about their ability or goodness.
例句：
She had placed a great deal of faith in Mr Penleigh.
她对彭利先生极其信任。
People have lost faith in the British Parliament.
人们已经对英国议会失去了信任。
“同心”与“齐心”，是一对近义词，表示“思想或认识一致”，或者是“共同的心愿;心思相同”，或是“志同道合;情投意合 ”。它们即可以作动词，也可以作名词。在用英文表达中，动词的表达有come together, work together, work as one；名词的表达有with one heart, in a concerted effort.
这个新时代，……是全体中华儿女勠力同心、奋力实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的时代。
This new era ... will be an era for all of us, the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, to strive with one heart to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.
激励全体中华儿女不断奋进，凝聚起同心共筑中国梦的磅礴力量！
Let all of us, the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, come together, keep going, and create a mighty force that enables us to realize the Chinese Dream.
我们呼吁，各国人民同心协力，构建人类命运共同体，建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。
We call on the people of all countries to work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind, to build an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity.
要支持特别行政区政府和行政长官依法施政、积极作为，团结带领香港、澳门各界人士齐心协力谋发展、促和谐，……。
We will continue to support the governments and chief executives of both regions in pursuing the following endeavors: exercising law-based governance, uniting and leading the people of all sectors in an active and concerted effort to promote development and harmony, ...
全党一定……团结一切可以团结的力量，齐心协力走向中华民族伟大复兴的光明前景。
We must unite all the forces that can be united and work as one to progress toward the brilliant future of national rejuvenation.
“核心”一词在报告中出现的次数最多，达到了12次，最主要的两个“核心”分别是“社会主义核心价值观/体系”和“核心意识”。 这两个“核心”的英文都可以用core来表达，不过一个是core socialist values，另一个是core leadership。
社会主义核心价值观是当代中国精神的集中体现，凝结着全体人民共同的价值追求。
Core socialist values represent the contemporary Chinese spirit and are a crystallization of the values shared by all Chinese people.
……增强政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识……
We must strengthen our consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment.
“中心”这个词也与“初心”一样，出现了六次。其中四次是“以人民为中心”，另两个分别是“以经济建设为中心”和“党和国家的中心任务”。
“以人民为中心”，强调的是人民的地位，于是英文people-centered用来表达同样的意思。
深入贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想，一大批惠民举措落地实施，人民获得感显著增强。
Our vision of making development people-centered has been acted on, a whole raft of initiatives to benefit the people has seen implementation, and the people's sense of fulfillment has grown stronger.
明确新时代我国社会主要矛盾是人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，必须坚持以人民为46 32884 46 15288 0 0 3645 0 0:00:09 0:00:04 0:00:05 3645n>中心的发展思想，不断促进人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕。
We must therefore continue commitment to our people-centered philosophy of development, and work to promote well-rounded human development and common prosperity for everyone.
坚持以人民为中心。
Committing to a people-centered approach
社会主义文艺是人民的文艺，必须坚持以人民为中心的创作导向，在深入生活、扎根人民中进行无愧于时代的文艺创造。
Socialist literature and art are for the people: Writers and artists should take a people-centered approach and draw inspiration from everyday life and the experiences of the people to produce works that do justice to our times.
“以经济建设为中心”其实可理解为“经济建设是中心任务”，与“党和国家中心任务”是一样的。不过，用两种不同的表达方式，则体现出英文的多样化表达的特点，强调用词不重复，不啰嗦的特征。
……领导和团结全国各族人民，以经济建设为中心……。
We must lead and unite the Chinese people of all ethnic groups in fulfilling the central task of economic development.
人民政协工作要聚焦党和国家中心任务，……。
The CPPCC committees should focus on the Party and the country's key tasks.
“关心”是一个很普通的词，在英语里也有一些对等的词，如动词care about, 名词concern。 以下四个句子就是这样处理的：
保障和改善民生要抓住人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题……。
As we work to ensure and improve people's wellbeing, we must focus on the most pressing, most immediate issues that concern the people the most.
我们要……从人民群众关心的事情做起，从让人民群众满意的事情做起，带领人民不断创造美好生活！
We must start with addressing issues of public concern, start with delivering the outcomes that satisfy public needs, and work without rest to lead our people in pursuing a better life.
承认“九二共识”的历史事实，认同两岸同属一个中国，两岸双方就能开展对话，协商解决两岸同胞关心的问题，台湾任何政党和团体同大陆交往也不会存在障碍。
Recognize the historical fact of the 1992 Consensus and that the two sides both belong to one China, and then our two sides can conduct dialogue to address through discussion the concerns of the people of both sides, and no political party or group in Taiwan will have any difficulty conducting exchanges with the mainland.
各级党组织要关心爱护基层干部，主动为他们排忧解难。
Party organizations at every level should care about officials working at the primary level, and help solve the problems and difficulties they encounter.
全党要关心和爱护青年，为他们实现人生出彩搭建舞台。
All of us in the Party should care about young people and set the stage for them to excel.
不过，在十九大报告中，有一个“关心”与我们通常的理解不同，不是“关注”或“放在心上”，而是一种“understanding”：
我……向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国朋友，表示衷心的感谢！
I express our heartfelt thanks ...to all our friends from around the world who have shown understanding and support for China's modernization.
在《柯林斯英语词典》里，understanding的意思如下：
If you say that it is your understanding that something is the case, you mean that you believe it to be the case because you have heard or read that it is. 了解，理解，领会。
例句：
It is my understanding that this torture has been going on for many years...
据我了解，这种折磨已经持续很多年了。
Our understanding is that they wanted to be in Washington.
我们的理解是，他们想呆在华盛顿。
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